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In our current view of reality, free will hangs on two opposing forces. On one side, we have determinism, which states that everything is already determined by our inner constituents, the atoms and molecules that form our bodies. On the other side, we have quantum mechanics and its view that everything in the quantum world is inherently random and probabilistic. None of these perspectives gives rise to the phenomenon of what we call free will, but here in this article, we provide an underlying mechanism for how free will should operate in our world. We propose that the collapse of the wave function is responsible for determining our free will in prime neurons. The collapse of the wave function is the process by which a particle passes from a state of superposition or being in several places at the same time to a definitive state with clearly established properties. Prime neurons are a class of neurons that are responsible for initiating a thought process or an action in our brains. But for this to operate, the collapse of the wave function must not act on regular matter, for that would yield a purely random result. We need a new and hypothetical particle, for which we have placed the term "soul/spirit particle." This soul/spirit particle has very specific features, as we have discussed in this article, and we have provided a mathematical model to explain its interaction with our inner physiology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1637217 | DOI Listing |
Cien Saude Colet
August 2025
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. São Manoel 963. 90620-110 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
The aim is to analyze the photovoice method as a mental health care tool for adolescents from the perspective of co-production of autonomy, in a Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSi). Research based on the constructivist paradigm, with a qualitative and participatory approach, through the theoretical-methodological path of photovoice. Field notes and Culture Circles were used to collect data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Nationhood Lab, Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy, Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America.
This study investigates the "First Settler Wellness Effect," exploring how cultural geography impacts traditional wellness (physical health, social relationships, and financial stability) and existential wellness (purpose, meaning, and community identity) across the United States. Using data from the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index, which includes responses from over 325,000 individuals across 110 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) from 2009 to 2016, we analyze wellness outcomes through the lens of the American Nations Model. This model categorizes the United States into distinct cultural regions shaped by early settlement patterns, emphasizing the enduring influence of regional norms and ideologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisabil Rehabil Assist Technol
September 2025
Department of Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Department Pedagogy and Didactics for People with Physical and Motor Development Impairments and Chronic and Progressive Illnesses, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
Objectives: Many studies investigate the impact of assistive devices and technologies (AD/AT) on physical outcomes. The role of AD/ATs in everyday activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) has received much less attention. This review scopes the impact of AD/ATs by the activities and participation components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Sports Med Rep
September 2025
Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Family and Sports Medicine, Travis AFB, CA.
Bone stress injury is a common musculoskeletal condition presenting with insidious bony pain that is progressive and occurs with a number of intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors, particularly with a recent change in training. When elicited, the presence of bony tenderness remains the most important component of the physical exam, although reproduction at deeper sites is a challenge and requires a high index of suspicion and imaging for diagnosis. MRI should be utilized as the gold standard for diagnosis, grading, and return-to-sport timing prognosis when available, with plain radiographs used as first-line imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Acupuncture is a widely recognized complementary therapy with proven therapeutic benefits; however, concerns regarding patient safety persist due to adverse events ranging from minor complications to severe outcomes like pneumothorax and nerve injury.
Objective: This study aims to identify common adverse events in acupuncture, propose innovative risk mitigation strategies, establish standardized best practices, enhance practitioner training, and examine global disparities in safety protocols.
Design: Comprehensive review of existing literature, clinical case studies, and international safety guidelines.