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Recent findings by Yazdi et al. in Cancer Letters present a mechanistic breakthrough in understanding resistance to HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Their identification of drug-persistent polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) as active participants in resistance redefines our understanding of intratumoral plasticity and therapeutic evasion. Far from being senescent relics, PGCCs function as epigenetically plastic reservoirs of tumor regeneration, capable of entering dormancy and re-seeding therapy-resistant clones. This commentary explores the mechanistic, evolutionary, and clinical implications of this phenomenon, urging a shift toward integrated therapeutic designs that disrupt the adaptive survival circuitry of PGCCs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217998 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Lett
September 2025
Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases and Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Radiotherapy, a pivotal treatment for colorectal cancer, is compromised by tumor repopulation, which is characterized by accelerated growth and increased treatment resistance. Although radiation-induced DNA breaks eliminate most cells, a subset of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) evade death through massive genomic amplification, subsequently undergoing depolyploidization via a viral budding-like process to generate proliferative progeny. Critically, these PGCCs drive tumor repopulation and underpin therapeutic failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Lett
September 2025
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Protocol Support Laboratory, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
Historically, polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) within tumors have been ignored as superfluous inflammatory refuse with no intrinsic clinical or biological relevance. However recently, multiple studies have described the existence PGCCs in solid tumor masses that appear to correlate with tumor progression, and can also appear in blood circulation as cancer associated macrophage like cells (CAMLs). In an effort to understand the clinical and biological role of CAMLs (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Lett
September 2025
Faculty of Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
Recent findings by Yazdi et al. in Cancer Letters present a mechanistic breakthrough in understanding resistance to HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Their identification of drug-persistent polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) as active participants in resistance redefines our understanding of intratumoral plasticity and therapeutic evasion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Lett
August 2025
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN. Electronic address:
Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs) occur across multiple cancer types and are associated with therapy resistance, genome instability, disease progression, and metastasis. PGCCs can grow through endocycles, a variant cell cycle of alternating Growth (G) and DNA Synthesis (S) phases without cell division. Unlike programmed endocycles that occur during normal tissue development, PGCCs switch from mitotic cycles to unscheduled endocycles in response to stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cancer
July 2025
Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) play an important role in regulating heterogeneity, growth, and chemotherapy resistance of malignant tumors. Paxillin is a unique cytoskeletal protein and drives persistent migration. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which paxillin regulates the invasion and migration of PGCCs with daughter cells (PDCs).
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