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Background: We designed and validated a speech recognition test for Persian-speaking children aged 36-71 months.
Methods: This project was a cross-sectional and methodological study. Different steps of test development, encompassing item generation, content validity, construct validity, and reliability, were used to develop the scale.
Results: The percentages of agreement among the experts' answers concerning test characteristics were all greater than 88%. After this phase, 20 items were removed. In the second phase of content validity, 18 additional pictures were suggested to be removed by the experts. Finally, a test with 162 pictures was developed among which 120 corresponding words were presented orally (the remaining pictures were distractors). The Persian speech recognition test revealed an age difference in speech recognition for both ears (p-value < 0.001, df = 5). There was no significant association between sex and total score on the Persian speech recognition test for right ear (U = 3063, p-value = 0.092) and left ear (U = 3009, p-value = 0.063). Test-retest values were excellent for both ears (right ear: r = 0.97, left ear: r = 0.98), p-value < 0.001).
Conclusions: Given the findings in typically developing (TD) children, the Persian speech recognition test is valid and reliable. However, future studies are highly recommended to apply this test in hearing-impaired children.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06058-w | DOI Listing |
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi
September 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory He
Cough is a common symptom of many respiratory diseases, and parameters such as frequency, intensity, type and duration play important roles in disease screening, diagnosis and prognosis. Among these, cough frequency is the most widely applied metric. In current clinical practice, cough severity is primarily assessed based on patients' subjective symptom descriptions in combination with semi-structured questionnaires.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Psychol
September 2025
Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, Japan. Electronic address:
Prior researches on global-local processing have focused on hierarchical objects in the visual modality, while the real-world involves multisensory interactions. The present study investigated whether the simultaneous presentation of auditory stimuli influences the recognition of visually hierarchical objects. We added four types of auditory stimuli to the traditional visual hierarchical letters paradigm:no sound (visual-only), a pure tone, a spoken letter that was congruent with the required response (response-congruent), or a spoken letter that was incongruent with it (response-incongruent).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomicro Lett
September 2025
Nanomaterials & System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and robotic applications. Nevertheless, it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility, adhesion, self-healing, and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics. Herein, we report a multifunctional, anti-freezing, self-adhesive, and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoN CNT) embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin (PVA/GLE) matrix.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEar Hear
September 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Objectives: Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing one's own emotions. Alexithymia has previously been associated with deficits in the processing of emotional information at both behavioral and neurobiological levels, and some studies have shown elevated levels of alexithymic traits in adults with hearing loss. This explorative study investigated alexithymia in young and adolescent school-age children with hearing aids in relation to (1) a sample of age-matched children with normal hearing, (2) age, (3) hearing thresholds, and (4) vocal emotion recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEar Hear
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of subtle peripheral auditory dysfunction to listening difficulties (LiD) using a threshold-equalizing noise (TEN) test and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). We hypothesized that a subset of patients with LiD have undetectable peripheral auditory dysfunction.
Design: This case-control study included 61 patients (12 to 53 years old; male/female, 18/43) in the LiD group and 22 volunteers (12 to 59 years old; male/female, 10/12) in the control group.