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Please confirm that the below Frontiers AI generated Alt-Text is an accurate visual description of your Figure(s). These Figure Alt-text proposals won't replace your figure captions and will not be visible on your article. If you wish to make any changes, kindly provide the exact revised Alt-Text you would like to use, ensuring that the word-count remains at approximately 100 words for best accessibility results. Further information on Alt-Text can be found here.With over 10 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths annually, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant worldwide health-burden. To assist in curbing the spread of TB, the century-old BCG, which is a live-attenuated vaccine, is now the only licensed TB vaccine used in humans. However, BCG's limited efficacy and poor antigenicity in adults have evoked the need to design new vaccines against TB. The limited parameter is the availability of potent antigens; as a consequence, it is imperative to study the ()-specific antigens that can provide a stronger immune response if included in vaccine candidates. Through this review, we aim to concentrate on the progress of current vaccine-candidates undergoing preclinical and clinical-studies. Moreover, it is not the pathogen but the genetics of the host that plays an essential role in fine-tuning the immune-response and susceptibility to TB. Over the past 50 years, a systematic approach to treating TB patients has overlooked factors like pharmacokinetics, immune-response, and treatment duration. Henceforth, this review highlights the precision medicine-guided approach considering genetic-makeup and host immunity that could influence clinical management choices. The consolidated review will shed light on advancements in vaccine-candidates, which can be harnessed in prophylactic development against TB.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608104 | DOI Listing |
Front Immunol
August 2025
Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
August 2025
Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Please confirm that the below Frontiers AI generated Alt-Text is an accurate visual description of your Figure(s). These Figure Alt-text proposals won't replace your figure captions and will not be visible on your article. If you wish to make any changes, kindly provide the exact revised Alt-Text you would like to use, ensuring that the word-count remains at approximately 100 words for best accessibility results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Urol Oncol
December 2024
Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain.
Background: The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommends discussing upfront radical cystectomy for all patients with very high risk (VHR) non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC), but the role of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment remains controversial.
Objective: To analyze oncological outcomes in VHR NMIBC patients (EAU risk groups) treated with adequate BCG.
Design, Setting, And Participants: A multi-institutional retrospective study involving patients with VHR NMIBC who received adequate BCG therapy from 2007 to 2020 was conducted.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
September 2021
Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the novel respiratory disease COVID-19, has reached pandemic status and presents a wide range of manifestations of diverse magnitude, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, and damage to vital organs, such as the heart, lung, kidney, and brain. Normally, older individuals and those with underlying health issues are more at risk. However, about 40% of COVID-19 positive individuals are asymptomatic.
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