Berberine for preventing colorectal adenoma recurrence and neoplasm occurrence: 6-Year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

Berberine has been reported as a safe and effective pharmacological agent to reduce colorectal adenoma recurrence after polypectomy. This retrospective cohort study is an extended follow-up of a previous clinical trial (NCT02226185) during the post-treatment observational phase. We aim to evaluate the long-term protective effects of berberine on adenoma recurrence. Among 895 patients who finished the previous 2-year randomized trial, we recruited 781 patients at 7 clinical centers across 6 provinces in China. The primary outcome is adenoma recurrence. Between December 29, 2018, and October 10, 2024, 648 patients underwent at least one colonoscopy during the follow-up. The protective effects of berberine persist for at least 6 years after treatment cessation, with lower adenoma recurrence rate (34.7% vs. 52.1%) and lower neoplasm occurrence rate (63.4% vs. 71.0%). Berberine may serve as a potential long-term preventive agent against adenoma recurrence after polypectomy.