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Article Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a new type of organic pollutants, characterized by its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation property, and toxicity similar to dioxins. The pervasive environmental presence of PHCZs, coupled with their heterogeneous spatial distribution, has garnered increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, studies have detected PHCZs in humans and demonstrated their toxic effects. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a more in-depth investigation and analysis of the systemic toxicity of PHCZs in humans and their specific molecular mechanisms. This review delves into the toxicological effects of PHCZs on humans, categorizing them into cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and endocrine disruption. It also explores their metabolic transformation in the human body, ecotoxicological effects and potential degradation strategies. The content covers analytical methods, environmental occurrence patterns, ecological impacts, degradation mechanisms and prevention and control measures. This work clarifies the specific toxicological effects of PHCZs on humans, provides new therapeutic directions for future disease treatment, and enhances the environmental risk assessment and management of PHCZs.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118793 | DOI Listing |
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The sources, distribution and toxicological effects on humans of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) as a novel pollutant.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
August 2025
Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China. Electronic address:
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a new type of organic pollutants, characterized by its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation property, and toxicity similar to dioxins. The pervasive environmental presence of PHCZs, coupled with their heterogeneous spatial distribution, has garnered increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, studies have detected PHCZs in humans and demonstrated their toxic effects.
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Environ Pollut
July 2025
Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada. Electronic address:
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are of emerging environmental concern due to their dioxin-like toxicity and widespread distribution in the aquatic environment. However, knowledge of the occurrence, fate, and impacts of PHCZs in the atmospheric environment is limited. The present study investigated air concentrations and atmospheric deposition of 11 PHCZs in Toronto, Canada, during the winter of 2024.
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Environ Sci Technol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in soil and sediment samples from Ny-Ålesund, Arctic, finding significant concentrations, especially of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 3-chlorocarbazole.
- The results indicated that sediments contained about six times more unknown PHCZs compared to target PHCZs, with concentrations suggesting environmental presence possibly due to long-range transport and human activities.
- Toxicity assessments showed low risk associated with these compounds in Arctic soils and sediments, marking the first documentation of PHCZs in this region and highlighting potential environmental concerns.
The necessity of enhancing the human health risk assessment of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole: Based on in vitro experiments, theoretical calculations, and model predictions.
Environ Pollut
January 2025
Chaohu Regional Collaborative Technology Service Center for Rural Revitalization, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China. Electronic address:
Industrial emissions have been identified as significant contributors to polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs), a novel pollutant in the environment. Enhancing the health risk assessment of PHCZs is imperative, particularly for 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1368BCZ), the most commonly detected PHCZs in the environment. This study revealed that 1368BCZ could bind to the important transporters, human serum albumin (HSA), with high binding constant (K: 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPresence of carbazole and polyhalogenated carbazoles in human urine.
Sci Total Environ
May 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China. Electronic address:
Exposure to carbazole (CZ) and polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) may pose a threat to human health, owing to their potential dioxin-like toxicity. Until now, the presence of these chemicals in the human urine from the general population is still unclear. Human urine samples (n = 210) were taken from the general population in Quzhou, China in this study, and were analyzed for CZ and 14 PHCZs.
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