Combining MCL-1 inhibition and CD37-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells as an effective strategy to target T-cell lymphoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has not yet been realized for T-cell lymphomas (TCL), partially due to challenges in identifying tumor-specific antigens. We previously reported selective expression of CD37 on malignant T cells in a subset of TCL. Herein, we demonstrate CAR-37 T cells specifically target CD37-positive TCL in part by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. To maximize therapeutic index, we identified selective/targetable BH3 dependences in individual TCL models and combined with CAR-37 T cells. We show that BH3 mimetics do not alter CD37 antigen binding capacity on TCL and have minimal effects on CAR-37 T-cell phenotype or function. In TCL models with dependence on MCL-1, combining CAR-37 T cells and the MCL-1 inhibitor AZD5991 increases anti-TCL response and prolongs survival of xenografted mice. These findings suggest that personalized selection of BH3 mimetic/CAR-T combinations could maximize the therapeutic index for patients with TCL and possibly other diseases.