Autoreactive immunoglobulin G levels and Fc receptor γ subunit upregulation drive mechanical allodynia after nerve constriction or crush injury.

B cells contribute to the development of pain after sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) through binding of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. Yet the contribution of B cells to pain after different types of peripheral nerve injury is uncertain. Using male and female mice, we demonstrate a divergent role for B cell-IgG-FcγR signaling underlying mechanical allodynia between CCI, nerve crush (NC), spared nerve injury (SNI), and spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Depletion (monoclonal anti-CD20) or genetic deletion (muMT mice) of B cells prevented development of allodynia after NC and CCI, but not SNI or SNL. In apparent contradiction, circulating levels of autoreactive IgG and circulating immune complexes were increased in all models, although more prominent after NC and CCI. Passive transfer of IgG from SNI donor mice induced allodynia in CCI muMT recipient mice, demonstrating that IgG secreted after SNI is pronociceptive. To investigate why pronociceptive IgG did not contribute to mechanical allodynia after SNI, we evaluated the levels of the Fc receptor γ subunit. Spared nerve injury or spinal nerve ligation did not increase γ subunit levels in the DRG and spinal cord, whereas CCI and NC did, in agreement with B cell-dependent allodynia in these models. Together, the results suggest that traumatic peripheral nerve injury drives secretion of autoreactive IgG from B cells. However, levels of cognate FcγRs are increased after sciatic nerve constriction and crush, but not transection, nerve injury.