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The mechanical properties of cell scaffolds are strongly influenced by their hydration state. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous phase on the elastic modulus of chitosan hydrogel films using two complementary techniques: uniaxial tensile testing and atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation. Our results demonstrate that hydration markedly reduced the elastic modulus, decreasing from approximately 2 GPa in dry films to 120 kPa in swollen films, primarily due to the plasticizing effect of water. Moreover, hydrogel films in equilibrium with the aqueous phase exhibited a Young's modulus three times lower than that of swollen films not in equilibrium. Raman spectroscopy further reveals a solvent "squeeze-out" phenomenon, as evidenced by an increased signal intensity in the 850-1200 cm region for stretched films that were out of swelling equilibrium, whereas equilibrated films showed stable spectral features. These findings highlight the crucial role of hydration dynamics in determining the mechanical behavior of chitosan hydrogel films, offering valuable insights for tailoring their properties in biomedical scaffold applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels11070496 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland.
The multifunctional systems presented here introduce an innovative and deeply thought-out approach to the more effective and safer use of temozolomide (TMZ) in treating glioma. The developed hydrogel-based flakes were designed to address the issues of local GBL therapy, bacterial neuroinfections, and the bleeding control needed during tumor resection. The materials obtained comprise TMZ and vancomycin (VANC) loaded into cyclodextrin/polymeric capsules and embedded into gelatin/hyaluronic acid/chitosan-based hydrogel films cross-linked with genipin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Biomater Sci Eng
September 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
The development of biomimetic scaffolds that emulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for advancing cell-based therapies and tissue regeneration. This study reports the formulation of CHyCoGel, a novel injectable, ECM-mimetic hydrogel scaffold composed of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and an amphiphilic stabilizer. CHyCoGel addresses key limitations of existing scaffolds, offering improved structural uniformity, injectability, and gelation suitable for cell encapsulation and minimally invasive delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Chem
August 2025
Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
In this study, a novel hybrid hydrogel incorporating a scandium-based metal-organic framework (scandium-integrated MOF-hydrogel hybrid) was developed using scandium nitrate, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, oxidized pectin, and chitosan. The synthesized scandium-integrated MOF-hydrogel hybrid demonstrated remarkable dual-functionality in both the adsorption of hazardous dye pollutants and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria commonly found in wastewater. Characterization of the scandium-integrated MOF-hydrogel hybrid was performed using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, CHNO elemental, BET, and XPS analyses, confirming successful MOF integration and a porous, reactive surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
September 2025
College of Science & College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Pesticides are of great significance in ensuring food yield. However, the extensive use of pesticides has led to severe environmental pollution and significant economic losses. Chitosan-based pesticide delivery systems potentially present a favorable approach to enhance pesticide using efficiency.
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September 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Tacrolimus belongs to the BCS class-II drug family and exhibits poor water solubility, which leads to poor bioavailability. Furthermore, since tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant, it is essential to maintain its therapeutic concentration for a greater period of time to confirm its effectiveness against transplant rejection. Therefore, to achieve the objective of the sustained release of the drug with a suitable amount of entrapment efficiency, pH-sensitive tacrolimus-loaded superabsorbent hydrogels using chitosan have been prepared.
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