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At least a quarter of adult patients with severe brain injury in a disorder of consciousness may have cognitive abilities that are hidden due to motor impairment. In this case series, we developed a tool that extracted acoustic and semantic processing biomarkers from electroencephalography recorded while participants listened to a story. We tested our method on two male adolescent survivors of severe brain injury and showed evidence of acoustic and semantic processing. Our method identifies cognitive processing while obviating demands on attention, memory, and executive function. This lays a foundation for graded assessments of cognition recovery across the spectrum of covert cognition.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1616963 | DOI Listing |
Brain Stimul
September 2025
Department of Philosophy, University of Milan, Milan, via Festa Del Perdono, 7, 20122, Italy; Cognition in Action (CIA) Unit, PHILAB, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia, 9, 20122, Italy. Electronic address:
Background: To investigate covert motor processes, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies often use motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as a proxy for inferring the state of motor representations. Typically, these studies test motor representations of actions that can be produced by the isolated contraction of one muscle, limiting both the number of recorded muscles and the complexity of tested actions. Furthermore, univariate analyses treat MEPs from different muscles as independent, overlooking potentially meaningful intermuscular relationships encoded in MEPs amplitude patterns at the single-trial level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCovert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is one of the important entities of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). In contrast to those with overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), patients with CHE have no readily identifiable clinical symptoms and signs, such as disorientation and asterixis, but present with neurocognitive abnormalities detected by neuropsychological and/or neurophysiological tests. Some patients may experience mild cognitive impairment, euphoria, or anxiety, and decreased attention and calculation abilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrials
August 2025
McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Background: The benefit-risk of statins in patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is under investigation in the StATins Use in intRacerebral hemorrhage patieNts (SATURN) trial. The relationship between statin use in ICH survivors, MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and outcomes such as recurrent ICH or major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) is unclear. The ancillary study, SATURN-MRI, intends to evaluate the interrelationship between statin use, the progression of MRI markers of CSVD, and cognitive and functional outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Sci
July 2025
NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
Background/objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes to stroke and dementia. Individuals with CVD have high risk for adverse cognitive outcomes and stroke, possibly due to shared risk factors between CVD, stroke, and dementia, which may be attributed to cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We aim to determine the association between prevalent CVD and atrial fibrillation (AF) with CSVD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: ARCADIA (Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention After Cryptogenic Stroke), a secondary stroke prevention study comparing apixaban versus aspirin for cryptogenic stroke and biomarkers of atrial cardiopathy, ended prematurely for futility. In the ARCADIA-Cognition study we hypothesized that cognitive decline would be slower in the apixaban arm due to less microembolization.
Methods: ARCADIA subjects on study drug and eligible for magnetic resonance imaging participated in ARCADIA-CSI (ARCADIA-Cognition and Silent Infarction).