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Editor's note: This is the next installment in a series on electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation. Nurses in all settings should know the basics, as medications and physiological changes can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Each article will start with a brief case scenario and an ECG strip and then take you step by step through analyzing the heart rhythm.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AJN.0000000000000127 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
August 2025
Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR.
Subaortic membrane (SAM) is a subtype of left ventricular outflow obstruction, rarely seen in adults. In some cases, SAM may be associated with other congenital defects. The association of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and SAM is the rarest, especially in adult patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
Internal Medicine, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida Westside Hospital, Plantation, USA.
This is a case of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in a 75-year-old male patient with a history of metastatic melanoma, who initially presented with a syncopal episode causing a fall. Following stabilization in the emergency department (ED), the patient was found to have bilateral subdural hematomas, and later an MRI showed evidence of metastatic lesions in the brain with hemorrhagic conversion. These findings led to a prolonged inpatient stay in the intensive care unit and eventual development of pneumonitis, which was subsequently treated with hepatotoxic antibiotics despite initial labs showing mildly elevated liver enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterv Radiol (Higashimatsuyama)
June 2025
Department of Radiological Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.
A 74-year-old man who had received Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bladder cancer developed vasovagal syncope. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed multiple pseudoaneurysms in the left internal carotid artery, aorta, and right common femoral artery, which were considered to be infected aneurysms. Parent artery occlusion was planned for the left internal carotid artery, but the balloon occlusion test was not possible because of the patient's restlessness; therefore, the patient was treated with a Viabahn stent graft.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J Case Rep
September 2025
Duke University Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Box 3182, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Background: Genetic aetiologies of early-onset arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy (CM) are common, but timely diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.
Case Summary: An asymptomatic 47-year-old man presented to cardiology clinic for smartwatch low-rate alarms. His brother had exertional syncope and died in his 20s from heart failure.
Front Physiol
August 2025
Department of Electrophysiology, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), MNGHA, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common condition, typically benign, but in a small subset of patients, it may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). This arrhythmogenic MVP phenotype is often associated with bileaflet prolapse, mitral annular disjunction (MAD), and myocardial fibrosis identified via late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac MRI.
Case Summary: Our patient is a 49-year-old man presented with monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and near-syncope.