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Newtonian mechanics is still successful today for the development of systems both in the industrial fields and in the services of human well-being. This paper presents the use of Newtonian mechanics both in terms of biomechanics and the design of motion assisting devices in the physiotherapy field for applications in the rehabilitation and exercise of elderly users. The analysis of the requirements for motion assistance of human limbs is conducted with specific reference to the characteristics of movement and action with typically Newtonian Mechanics models. Examples of the design and application of procedures based on mechanical modelling are reported with discussions which refer to systems that are developed with direct experiences by the author and his collaborators to demonstrate how Newtonian Mechanics is fundamental in the development of systems of a mechanical and non-mechanical nature.This article is part of the theme issue 'Newton, , Newton Geneva Edition (17th-19th) and modern Newtonian mechanics: heritage, past & present'.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0287 | DOI Listing |
Biorheology
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
BackgroundThe viscosity of (BAF) influences the hemodynamics during testing of medical devices and implants in cardiovascular systems mimicking physiologic flow conditions. BAF, typically composed of water, glycerin, and Xanthan gum, is used to simulate blood's non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior. Additionally, BAF may include microsphere particles for flow visualization in Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) experiments, though their impact on viscosity remained an under-investigated area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
September 2025
Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
We numerically investigate the mixing characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids under the ion-partitioning effect in a micromixer having a built-in patterned soft polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) on its inner wall surfaces. We show that the mixing phenomenon is greatly modulated by the migration of counter-ions triggered by the Born energy difference caused by the electrical permittivity differences between the PEL and bulk electrolyte. We demonstrate counter-ion concentration field, flow velocity variation, species concentration distribution, mixing efficiency and neutral species dispersion by varying the electrical permittivity ratio and rheological parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia.
Accurate assessment of intracranial aneurysm rupture risk, particularly in Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) aneurysms, relies on a detailed understanding of patient-specific hemodynamic behavior. In this study, we present an integrated framework that combines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and machine learning (ML) to efficiently model pulsatile blood flow using a Casson non-Newtonian fluid model, without incorporating fluid-structure interaction (FSI). Patient-specific vascular geometries were reconstructed from DICOM imaging data and simulated using ANSYS Fluent to capture key hemodynamic factors, including velocity components, pressure, wall shear stress (WSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Reprod
September 2025
Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 16, Oberschleißheim 85764, Germany.
The oviductal fluid (OF) provides essential nutritional, mechanical, and physical support during the first four days of embryonic development. Among its physical properties, viscosity has been largely overlooked in embryo in vitro culture (IVC) media due to limited available data. In this study, we measured the viscosity of bovine OF from ex vivo samples and mimicked it during in vitro embryo culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioengineering (Basel)
July 2025
Department of Transfusional Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy.
The tensile strength of the umbilical cord (UC) is influenced by its composition-including collagen, elastin, and hyaluronan-contributing to its unique biomechanical properties. This experimental in vitro study aimed to evaluate the UC's mechanical behavior under varying strain rates and to characterize its viscoelastic response. Twenty-nine UC specimens, each 40 mm in length, were subjected to uniaxial tensile testing and randomly assigned to three traction speed groups: Group A ( = 10) at 8 mm/min, Group B ( = 7) at 12 mm/min, and Group C ( = 12) at 16 mm/min.
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