The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at the Arg399Gln Locus of the Gene in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

In recent years, an increasingly important role in the etiopathogenesis of lung cancer has been attributed to genetic predisposition. Current genetic research suggests that the increased risk of this cancer may be due to gene polymorphism within repair genes. In the case of lung cancer, observations about genes involved in the DNA repair system by cutting bases of nitrogen-base excision repair (BER)-seem to be interesting. Most attention has been devoted to the gene, which coordinates the various stages of BER. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the single nucleotide polymorphism Arg399Gln in the gene as a factor influencing the risk of lung cancer. The study involved 118 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The control group consisted of 60 people who did not have cancer. The study proved that the polymorphism of the gene is characterized by a statistically significant relationship with the onset of cancer. There were no statistically significant differences between the Arg399Gln polymorphism of the gene and risk factors for non-small cell lung cancer, such as age, sex, smoking and its duration, or place of residence, as well as between the histological type of the tumor or its severity. Detailed analysis of three genotypes-Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln, and Gln/Gln-showed that the incidence of particular genotypes in the group of patients was, respectively, 16.10%, 27.12%, and 58.78%. In the case of the Gln/Gln genotype, the most common associated histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma, and in the case of adenocarcinoma, the most common genotype was Arg/Arg. It was estimated that each Arg allele reduced the chance of tumor occurrence to 0.48 times the reference value, i.e., the Gln/Gln genotype class for the Arg/Gln genotype and the Arg/Gln genotype for the Arg/Arg genotype. The relationship between the male sex and the occurrence of cancer remained insignificant, in contrast to the presence of nicotinism. Studies suggest that the Arg399Gln polymorphism of the gene has limited prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer.