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This study provides the first national-scale spatial analysis of tyre wear particle (TWP) pathways in the UK, employing a mass flux particle pathway framework integrated with the UK Integrated Assessment Model at 1 km resolution. Results show 79.5 kt of TWPs are released annually, with between 1.3 kt to 6.7 kt enter the atmosphere, 23.0 kt to 34.0 kt reaching surface waters,18.5 kt to 30.2 kt depositing in soils, and 16.7 kt to 29.2 kt removed via management systems. Sensitivity analysis reveals notable uncertainties in these estimates. A significant rural-urban transfer mechanism redistributes 6.3 kt to 13.1 kt of urban-derived TWPs to agricultural soils through sewage sludge application. Atmospheric emissions are concentrated around major roads and urban centres, while soil and water pathways exhibit complex distributions driven by infrastructure systems. This study highlights the potential for improved spatial modelling of the pathways of tyre wear into the environment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122288 | DOI Listing |
Sci Total Environ
September 2025
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy. Electronic address:
High-traffic areas generate road dusts (RD) including tyre road wear particles (TRWPs), a significant source of microplastics in the environment. These particles, which persist in sediments, soil, and vegetation, can adsorb pollutants such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons, facilitating their widespread dispersal. Despite concerns about their potential ecotoxicity, their effects on soil organisms remain underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mater Sci Mater Eng
August 2025
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK.
The growing emphasis on sustainability and environmental impact has driven increased demand for eco-friendly tyres. Tyre components are usually subjected to substantial static and dynamic load and often fail due to crack initiation and crack propagation. Understanding of the deformation mechanism of tyre components under fatigue loading is essential for enhancing the safety and reliability of tyres.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Int
August 2025
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are abundant in the environment, with traffic-related tyre-wear contributing substantially to atmospheric levels. MNPs have been detected in human tissues, however, their health effects remain poorly known. Therefore, we assessed immunological and respiratory health changes associated with short-term exposure to traffic-related MNPs in healthy, young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Int
August 2025
Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
Tyre wear particle (TWP) emissions are a major source of microplastic pollution. This study analyzes the variability in national TWP emissions estimated through different methodologies and provides guidance for optimizing these estimations. Findings show substantial discrepancies in per capita emissions across European countries, with variations up to 2 kg/y*cap, particularly between Southern and Eastern European countries, as well as Estonia and Finland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ R Soc N Z
June 2025
GNS Science, Wellington, New Zealand.
Urban air pollution is significantly influenced by road traffic, with recent research highlighting the growing significance of non-exhaust emissions (NEEs) such as road dust, brake wear, and tyre abrasion. While electric vehicles offer a pathway to reducing tailpipe emissions, their environmental benefits may be offset by increased NEEs, especially from heavier vehicle fleets. This study investigates the contribution of road dust to PM₁₀ concentrations in Auckland, New Zealand, using a 13-year panel dataset (2006-2019) from three strategically located air quality monitoring sites.
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