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Article Abstract
Background: Noninvasive visualization and characterization of the atrioventricular conduction axis (AVCA) can help avoid iatrogenic injury and improve the accuracy of heart rhythm therapy guidance.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the AVCA structure using noninvasive rotating-frame relaxation-time mappings (relaxation along a fictitious field in the second rotating-frame relaxation time [T] and longitudinal rotating-frame relaxation time [T]) in ex vivo swine hearts.
Methods: Ex vivo swine heart tissue blocks were scanned on a 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging system. The contrast among AVCA, central fibrous body, and remote myocardium was evaluated using T and T compared with T and T relaxation-time mappings and magnetization transfer imaging. Histologic sections at 4 levels were stained with Masson's trichrome. The blue channel of histology images was used for analysis. Regions of interest in the myocardium, AVCA, and central fibrous body were selected slice-wise and sample-wise using multi-Otsu thresholding. Relative relaxation-time difference and magnetization transfer contrast were calculated between AVCA and remote myocardial areas.
Results: In the AVCA region, all quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameters were significantly higher than in remote myocardium. T, T, and T showed the highest contrast between AVCA and myocardium. All qMRI parameters correlated with the blue channel of Masson's trichrome-stained histology images. Three-dimensional reconstruction of 2-dimensional T maps revealed the AVCA structure with increased relaxation time compared with the surrounding myocardium.
Conclusion: This research demonstrates the potential of T, T, and T for visualizing the AVCA quantitatively in the swine heart without contrast agents. The contrast provided by the qMRI parameters is based on the fibrous content of the tissue.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.06.040 | DOI Listing |
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