Study of genetic variability and emerging strains of : increasing risks to okra production in India.

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004 India.

Published: May 2025


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Article Abstract

Unlabelled: Okra enation leaf curl disease (OELCuD), caused by (OELCuV) and transmitted by whiteflies (), significantly threatens okra cultivation in India. This study conducted a comprehensive survey (2020-2022) across seven Indian states, recording disease incidence ranging from 14.03% to 67.57%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using coat protein gene-specific primers confirmed the presence of OELCuV in symptomatic plants, amplifying a ~ 750 bp fragment. Full-genome characterization of five isolates from different geographic regions using rolling circle amplification (RCA) revealed high genetic variability, with nucleotide identities ranging from 92.2% to 96.5% compared to existing OELCuV DNA-A sequences. Two novel strains were identified in Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) and Viluppuram (Tamil Nadu), meeting the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) species demarcation criteria. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses demonstrated that these strains form a unique cluster with recombinant features, particularly in the AC1 coding region, which is under purifying selection. The findings underscore the urgent need to monitor the genetic variability and spread of OELCuV to protect okra cultivation from evolving viral threats.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01578-2.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185807PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01578-2DOI Listing

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