What Sports Are Safe Following Total Joint Arthroplasty? An Analysis of Revision Rates at a Mean 5-year Follow-Up.

Background: Despite theoretical risks of fatigue wear, there is little empirical evidence correlating postoperative impact level from physical activity with failure rates following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the impact level from self-reported sports and physical activity participation and revision rates following primary arthroplasty.

Methods: A survey was conducted on recreational sports participation among primary elective THA and TKA patients from an urban, academic health system between June 1, 2011, and January 31, 2022. A total of 1,622 THA and 1,388 TKA respondents were included in the study. The survey was administered cross-sectionally at various time points, with a minimum follow-up of at least one year required for inclusion (THA, 5.3 years; TKA, 4.8 years postoperation on average). Patients were divided into four cohorts based on participation and intensity of the sport: no sports, low-impact sports, intermediate-impact sports, and high-impact sports. Descriptive comparisons were made to evaluate revision rates and mean time to follow-up among these groups in THA and TKA patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to assess 10-year implant survivability.

Results: Healthier and younger patients who underwent THA or TKA were significantly more likely to participate in intermediate- to high-impact sports and were found to have noninferior revision rates than those who engaged in no sports or low-impact sports: THA (2.9 [no sports] versus 1.9 [low impact] versus 1.6% [intermediate/high impact]), TKA (3.0 versus 1.6 versus 0.0%). When analyzing aseptic versus septic revisions separately, no notable patterns or differences were observed.

Conclusions: At a mean 5-year follow-up, healthier and younger patients who participated in intermediate- and high-impact physical activities had noninferior revision rates as than patients who were less active. These findings offer guidance for clinicians when advising patients on the safe resumption of sports activities following total joint arthroplasty.