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Basket trial designs are a type of master protocol in which the same therapy is tested in several strata of the patient cohort. Many basket trial designs implement borrowing mechanisms. These allow sharing information between similar strata with the goal of increasing power in responsive strata while at the same time constraining type-I error inflation to a bearable threshold. These borrowing mechanisms can be tuned using numerical tuning parameters. The optimal choice of these tuning parameters is subject to research. In a comparison study using simulations and numerical calculations, we are planning to investigate the use of utility functions for quantifying the compromise between power and type-I error inflation and the use of numerical optimization algorithms for optimizing these functions. The present document is the protocol of this comparison study, defining each step of the study in accordance with the ADEMP scheme for pre-specification of simulation studies.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119007 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0323097 | PLOS |
Stat Med
September 2025
Berry Consultants, Abingdon, UK.
Confidence distributions are a frequentist alternative to the Bayesian posterior distribution. These confidence distributions have received more attention in the recent past because of their simplicity. In rare diseases, oncology, or in pediatric drug development, single-arm trials, or platform trials consisting of a series of single-arm trials are increasingly being used, both to establish proof-of-concept and to provide pivotal evidence for a marketing application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
September 2025
Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Background: Neoantigen-based vaccines show promising therapeutic potential in solid tumors such as melanoma, GBM, NSCLC, and CRC. However, clinical responses remain suboptimal in stage IV patients, due to ineffective T-cell function and high tumor burdens. To overcome these limitations, our study investigates a combination strategy using neoantigen peptide vaccines and precision critical lesion radiotherapy (CLERT), which delivers immunomodulatory doses to key tumor regions synergistically enhance immune activation and inhibit progression in multifocal stage IV patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Clin Exp Med
September 2025
Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
Background: Basket trials are an innovative type of clinical trial primarily used in oncology. A distinctive feature of these studies is the grouping of patients based on specific molecular characteristics, such as genetic mutations or immunological subtypes, rather than traditional criteria like the type of cancer.
Material And Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Food Nutr Bull
September 2025
Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
IntroductionUndernutrition continues to be a significant public health concern, particularly among children under 5 years.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of an additional nutritional intervention in improving growth parameters, dietary diversity and haemoglobin levels in children aged 6 to 59 months with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) during the 2023 economic crisis in Sri Lanka.MethodsThis was a randomized-controlled trial and children with MAM were randomly allocated to either the intervention group, receiving additional food transfers and nutrition education, or the control group, receiving standard care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
August 2025
Emergency Clinical Hospital Dr. Bagdasar-Arseni, 041915 Bucharest, Romania.
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have transformed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by delivering antiproliferative drugs directly to the arterial wall, offering a stent-less approach that mitigates the risks associated with permanent metallic implants. Initially developed for in-stent restenosis (ISR), DCBs have demonstrated robust efficacy in reducing neointimal hyperplasia and target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates across diverse coronary lesions, including small vessel disease (SVD), de novo lesions, and complex anatomies such as bifurcation lesions. Paclitaxel-coated balloons have long been the cornerstone of DCB therapy due to their established clinical outcomes, but sirolimus-coated balloons are emerging as a promising alternative with potentially superior safety profiles and sustained drug release.
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