The Expression of a Germline Fusion Gene Involving a Protein-Coding and a Long Non-Coding RNA Gene Results in Severe Brain Malformations.

In the present study, an exceptional germline gene fusion involving the protein-coding gene and the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene was detected as the genetic cause of severe cerebral abnormalities with unfavorable prognosis in a male fetus at 14 weeks of gestation. Quantitative and qualitative RNA analyses indicate the expression of C-terminally truncated MN1 proteins. MN1 proteins lacking the C-terminal amino acids have been previously described to cause an ultra-rare syndrome with brain malformations due to a gain-of-function effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a germline gene fusion of a protein-coding gene and an lncRNA gene linked to a functional, but neomorphic, protein associated with severe phenotypic abnormalities. The results of our study are not only relevant for the genotype-phenotype correlation of but should especially raise awareness for potentially disease-associated protein expressions in germline gene fusions involving lncRNAs.