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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare disease that primarily affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord but less frequently can also involve the brain. We present the case of a woman who experienced an atypical NMOSD relapse characterized by MRI white matter brain lesions with a leukodystrophy-like pattern. Additionally, lesions in the middle cerebellum peduncles exhibited a distinctive T2w hyperintense/FLAIR hypointense signal resembling the brain's bright spotty lesions (BSLs) previously described in the spinal cord. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical MRI patterns in NMOSD to facilitate diagnosis and appropriate timely treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2025.106533 | DOI Listing |
J Neurol
August 2025
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, Australia.
Background And Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-Ab + ve NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD) are demyelinating diseases with differing pathophysiological processes and treatments. The objective of this study was to compile a comprehensive list of MRI lesions, and to quantify the utility of these lesions in distinguishing between these conditions.
Methods: We searched for articles comparing MRI lesion frequency in MS, AQP4-Ab + ve NMOSD, MOGAD and healthy controls.
Curr Med Imaging
July 2025
Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Introduction: Dynamic changes in adenomyotic lesions in animal models have been difficult to observe and evaluate in vivo on a regular basis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of establishing a rat model of adenomyosis through autologous endometrial implantation and to assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for noninvasive evaluation of the model.
Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups (20 rats in the control group, 20 rats in the model group).
Mult Scler Relat Disord
August 2025
Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare disease that primarily affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord but less frequently can also involve the brain. We present the case of a woman who experienced an atypical NMOSD relapse characterized by MRI white matter brain lesions with a leukodystrophy-like pattern. Additionally, lesions in the middle cerebellum peduncles exhibited a distinctive T2w hyperintense/FLAIR hypointense signal resembling the brain's bright spotty lesions (BSLs) previously described in the spinal cord.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
: Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) stands as one of the most debilitating complications in patients with myelitis owing to its challenging management. Bright spotty lesions (BSLs) are frequently observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), but few reports have discussed CNP in myelitis. We aim to demonstrate that BSLs could be one of the potential prognostic factors for CNP development in myelitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArq Neuropsiquiatr
June 2023
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Radiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
Background: There is clinical and radiological overlap among demyelinating diseases. However, their pathophysiological mechanisms are different and carry distinct prognoses and treatment demands.
Objective: To investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of patients with myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD), antibody against aquaporin-4(AQP-4)-immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD), and double-seronegative patients.