Random Distillation Protocols in Long Baseline Telescopy.

In quantum-enhanced astronomical imaging, multiple distant apertures work together by utilizing quantum resources distributed from a central server. Our findings suggest that preprocessing the stellar light received by all telescopes can improve imaging performance without increasing resource consumption. The preprocessing leverages weak quantum measurements and modifies random-party entanglement distillation protocols from quantum information science. Intuitively, this approach allows us to collapse the stellar light that is originally coherent between all telescopes to one pair of telescopes with probability arbitrarily close to one. The central server can then distribute entanglement solely to the pair of telescopes receiving a photon, thereby enhancing the efficiency of resource utilization. We discuss two types of resources that benefit from this preprocessing: shared entanglement and a shared reference frame.