A Perspective on Neonatal Management of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)-a universally fatal condition only 40 years ago-remains one of the most challenging congenital heart defects. The advancements and insights gained from historical experiences with the Norwood operation have transformed the prognosis for HLHS patients and profoundly shaped contemporary outcomes. This progress has spurred continuous refinement of surgical techniques, transcatheter interventions, and perioperative care, leading to notable improvements in both survival rates and quality of life for HLHS patients. Herein, we focus on key historical lessons and their implications for future practices for neonatal management of HLHS.