Category Ranking

98%

Total Visits

921

Avg Visit Duration

2 minutes

Citations

20

Article Abstract

Here, we present a protocol to study neural circuits between the paraventricular thalamus (PVA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mice by combining calcium imaging with optogenetic stimulation of axon terminals. We describe steps for delivering GCaMP6f and ChrimsonR viruses and implanting the gradient-index (GRIN) lens for use with an Inscopix microscope. We then detail procedures for single-neuron tracking over an extended period through longitudinal recording and data smoothing and processing to enhance analysis.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138423PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103800DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

calcium imaging
8
paraventricular thalamus
8
axon terminals
8
longitudinal calcium
4
imaging bnst
4
bnst neurons
4
neurons mice
4
mice optogenetic
4
optogenetic manipulation
4
manipulation paraventricular
4

Similar Publications

Introduction: Facial aging is a multifactorial process characterized by skin laxity, volume loss, and collagen degradation. Calcium Hydroxyapatite (CaHA) is a versatile biostimulatory filler that can provide both structural support and collagen stimulation. This study evaluates a novel technique using CaHA with tailored dilutions for minimally invasive facial rejuvenation, focusing on key ligamentous structures.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The purpose of this article was to study the distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiac valve calcification (CVC), relevant factors, and the relationship of LVH and CVC with survival in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. A total of 281 MHD patients were included in this retrospective and follow-up study. Echocardiography measurements were performed to evaluate the left ventricular structure and cardiac valve.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rationale: Brown tumor (osteitis fibrosa cystica) is a benign bone lesion associated with hyperparathyroidism that can affect multiple bones in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Patient Concerns: We present the case of a 32-year-old female with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis who experienced body aches, muscle weakness, constipation, and mood swings for 3 months.

Diagnoses: Initial tests revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, and phosphorus levels.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rationale: Systemic sclerosis (SS) is an immune-mediated connective disease characterized by skin fibrosis, microvascular damage, and multisystem manifestations. One of the most important processes in connective tissue disorders is vasculitis. The clinical findings can differ when the disease is presented with an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) typically presents with a retro-odontoid pseudotumor. Here, the authors report a case of CPPD-induced basilar impression, causing vertebral artery (VA) dissection and hemorrhage.

Observations: A 65-year-old male presented with worsening chronic cervicalgia, occipital headaches, and unstable tandem gait.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF