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Enzymatic reductive amination is now a green and selective method for the efficient conversion of ketones into chiral amines with high optical purity. Transaminases (TAs) have been widely employed at both laboratory and industrial scale for the synthesis of primary amines. Additionally, amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs), imine reductases (IREDs) and reductive aminases (RedAms) enable the stereoselective synthesis of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Recent advancements in protein engineering have expanded the substrate scope and improved the stability of these biocatalysts, enabling broader applications. The use of immobilized enzymes and whole-cell systems further enhances the efficiency and sustainability of these methods. This chapter provides detailed protocols for enzymatic reductive amination for the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary chiral amines using isolated or immobilized enzymes, or whole-cell biocatalysts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2025.01.002 | DOI Listing |
Beilstein J Nanotechnol
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
The preparation of multimodal nanoparticles by capping magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with functional organic molecules is a major area of research for biomedical applications. Conjugation reactions, such as carbodiimide coupling and the highly selective class of reactions known as "click chemistry", have been instrumental in tailoring the ligand layers of IONPs to produce functional biomedical nanomaterials. However, few studies report the controls performed to determine if the loading of molecules onto IONPs is due to the proposed coupling reaction(s) employed, or some other unknown interaction with the IONP surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeilstein J Org Chem
August 2025
A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, INEOS, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
Reducing agents with phosphorus-hydrogen bond, such as sodium hypophosphite, phosphite, and hypophosphorous acid are commercially available in bulk amounts, however, their usage is understudied in organic processes. While NaHPO has proved to be an efficient four-electron reductant in the catalyst-free reductive amination, the influence of cation in hypophosphite salt has not been studied yet. This issue is a fundamentally important factor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
September 2025
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
Polycyclic indolines are pervasive in a diverse array of biologically active molecules owing to their appealing physiological contributions. Herein, we report a straightforward dearomatization approach that employs a photoredox catalyst in combination with an inexpensive reductant to couple indole derivatives with secondary amines. This dearomative cycloaddition exhibits exceptional diastereoselectivity and delivers highly strained indolines fused with three-dimensional polycyclic scaffolds featuring a bicyclo[3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
Background And Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments, frequently accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms among PD patients.
Methods: This is an open-label, nonrandomized controlled trial.
Drug Test Anal
September 2025
Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Designer precursors for the synthesis of amphetamine-type stimulants pose a significant challenge to law enforcement. The precursors APAAN (α-phenylacetoacetonitrile) and MAPA (methyl α-acetylphenylacetate) became popular in the previous decade and have since been restricted. Recently, a ring-substituted analog of MAPA used for the synthesis of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) was detected, highlighting the potential for criminal misuse of substituted analogs of these designer precursors.
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