acts against ginseng root rot by modifying the composition and microecological functions of ginseng root endophytes.

Introduction: The endophytic microbiome serves a crucial function as a secondary line of defense against pathogen invasion in plants. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of action of the ginseng plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) SZ-4 synergizing with endophytic microorganisms in the prevention and control of root rot.

Methods: Ginseng root samples from a susceptible group (CK) with a disease level of 0-2 and a biocontrol group (BIO) treated with strain SZ-4 were collected. We employed high-throughput sequencing to examine the microbial community structure of ginseng roots at different disease levels, explore beneficial endophytic bacteria, and evaluate the efficacy of strain SZ-4 in mitigating root rot through synergistic interactions with ginseng endophytic flora.

Results: The application of the PGPR SZ-4 biocontrol fungicide has been found to help ginseng resist by modulating the richness and structure of endophytic microbial populations. The endophytic bacteria HY-43 and HY-46 isolated from ginseng roots treated with SZ-4 were identified as based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA and B sequencing analyses. The endophytic bacteria HY-43 and HY-46 were combined with strain SZ-4 to generate the bacterial consortia CS4-43 and CS4-46, respectively. Both CS4-43 and CS4-46 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of the single strain SZ-4, as well as HY-43 and HY-46, against ginseng root rot, while also promoting plant growth.

Discussion: These findings offers a theoretical foundation for studying the microecological prevention and control of ginseng diseases as well as new insights for conducting research on the efficient and precise management of plant diseases.