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Propose: Acanthamoebaspp. are widespread free-living protists found in various natural and man-made habitats. At times, they can become parasitic, leading to conditions such as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), and systemic infections in humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, infections caused by Acanthamoeba spp. are frequently underdiagnosed, necessitating a high degree of clinical vigilance and laboratory technical skill for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Methods: This review aimed to provide an overview of documented natural infections in animals with Acanthamoeba spp. to enhance veterinary professionals' awareness of these organisms' potential risks.
Results: This review records natural infections of animals with Acanthamoeba and its interaction with pathogenic bacteria, highlighting the importance of Acanthamoeba spp. in veterinary medicine.
Conclusion: Acanthamebiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of systemic diseases, especially with neurologic involvement. Since this neglected infection can impact the lives and livelihoods of many animals, informing veterinarians and animal owners is necessary.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11686-025-01023-0 | DOI Listing |
Exp Parasitol
September 2025
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt. Electronic address:
Background: Allovahlkampfia spelaea (A. spelaea) is a free-living amoeba that has recently been recognized to cause Acanthamoeba-like keratitis, the treatment of which is complex. The pathogenic potential of Allovahlkampfia spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
August 2025
School of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China.
, a Gram-negative bacillus, is the primary etiological agent of Legionnaires' disease, a severe respiratory infection. The symbiotic relationship between and free-living amoebae (FLAs), particularly spp., represents a critical intersection of microbial ecology and human pathogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitol Res
August 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.
Corneal exposure to trophozoites of Acanthamoeba spp. may lead to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK)-a rare, but sight-threatening disease-with a risk of recurrence due to residual stromal cysts. With polyhexanide (PHMB) and chlorhexidine (CHX) often constituting the standard regimen of therapy, polymeric compounds for the treatment of AK have shifted into the focus of research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
July 2025
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Purpose: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe infection linked to orthokeratology lens use, whereas the involvement of conjunctival microbiota in AK remains poorly understood. This study investigates microbiota dysbiosis in AK pathogenesis to inform microbiota-based interventions.
Methods: Conjunctival swabs from 14 patients with AK and 10 healthy controls underwent 16S rRNA sequencing.
Pathogens
June 2025
Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
Free-living amoebae (FLA) such as spp., , , , and spp. are causal agents of deadly and/or disabling infections in humans.
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