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Cryptococcus neoformans is the top-ranked W.H.O. fungal priority pathogen, but tools for generating conditional mutations are limited. Auxin-inducible degron systems permit rapid and effective cellular depletion of a tagged protein of interest upon adding a small molecule. These tools are invaluable, particularly for studying essential genes, which may play important roles in pathogen biology. AID2 is one such system that improves on previous strategies. This system achieves greater sensitivity and specificity through an auxin derivative, 5-Ph-IAA, alongside an OsTIR1F74G mutant. We adapted the AID2 system for C. neoformans by codon optimizing OsTIR1F74G and tested its use in multiple scenarios. We demonstrate that the C. neoformans optimized AID2 system enables effective degradation of proteins, including essential proteins, and can be used to help discriminate essential from nonessential genes. This tool enables the study of unexplored parts of the C. neoformans genome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaf071 | DOI Listing |
J Cell Sci
July 2025
Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
Protein knockdown using an improved auxin-inducible degron (AID2) technology has proven to be a powerful tool for studying protein function. The current approach requires the fusion of target proteins with a degron tag, a process typically achieved through CRISPR knock-in. However, knock-in remains challenging in non-model organisms and humans, limiting the broader applicability of AID2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFG3 (Bethesda)
June 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Cryptococcus neoformans is the top-ranked W.H.O.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
February 2025
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Studying essential genes required for dynamic processes in live mice is challenging as genetic perturbations are irreversible and limited by slow protein depletion kinetics. The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is a powerful tool for analyzing inducible protein loss in vitro, but it is toxic to mice. Here, we use an optimized second-generation AID system to achieve the conditional and reversible loss of the essential centrosomal protein CEP192 in live mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
November 2024
Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Despite its broad application in in vitro studies, the application of targeted protein degradation (TPD) to animal models faces considerable challenges. Here, we develop inducible and cell-type specific TPD systems in mice using two degron systems: Oryza sativa TIR1 (OsTIR1)-auxin-inducible degron 2 (AID2) and human cereblon (hCRBN)-SALL4 degron (S4D). Efficient degradation of Satb1 protein by these systems recapitulates phenotypes observed in the Satb1-deficient mice.
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