Advances in 0D quantum dots and hybrid nanoarchitectures for high-performance gas sensing devices.

Zero-dimensional quantum dots (QDs) and their hybrid structures having been rapidly developed are reshaping the design and performance of next generation ultrafast electronic and optoelectronic devices. The high-performance metrics achievable in photodetectors, solar cells, transistors, and other application areas can be realized through the use of QDs with their tunable electronic and optical properties. Recent advances in the synthesis of QD hybrid structures, where QDs are incorporated within other nanostructure dimensions (1D nanowires, 2D materials), have dramatically increased charge carrier mobility, lowered recombination rates, and resulted in highly controlled interfacial properties. Synergistic effects between these hybrid configurations are exploited, including improved charge separation and enhanced exciton dissociation, which are very important for having ultrafast response times and greater sensitivity. Advanced fabrication techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and solution based self-assembly, QD hybrids can be fabricated with highly controlled interfaces and optimal energy band alignments. Further, computational simulations such as density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT have provided further insights into the charge dynamics and electronic interactions in these hybrid systems for guidance on their design and application. The potential of QD-based hybrid architectures in addressing future information processing demands is demonstrated in this work, setting the stage for the development of high-speed, low-power devices in communications, sensing, and renewable energy technologies.