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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002133 | DOI Listing |
BioTech (Basel)
July 2025
Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
In bioinformatics, pathway analyses are used to interpret biological data by mapping measured molecules with known pathways to discover their functional processes and relationships. Pathway analysis has become an essential tool for interpreting large-scale omics data, translating complex gene sets into actionable experimental insights. However, issues inherent to pathway databases and misinterpretations of pathway relevance often result in "pathway fails," where findings, though statistically significant, lack biological applicability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Epidemiol
August 2025
Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America. Electronic address: john.rizk@u
Objective: To examine the strengths and limitations of overlap weighting in observational studies, and to clarify when it is appropriate to use this method based on the target estimand.
Study Design And Setting: This is a narrative commentary that reviews recent methodological developments and real-world examples to highlight how overlap weighting operates, when it provides advantages over methods like IPTW, and the importance of aligning analytic methods with the causal question and estimand.
Results: Overlap weighting produces bounded, stable weights and achieves exact mean covariate balance in the subset of patients with overlapping treatment probabilities near 0.
iScience
July 2025
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Over the past decade, corporate investors have increasingly recognized that responsible environmental and social practices are essential to long-term financial success. Despite growing interest, corporate practices remain largely unchanged, and planetary trends are deeply concerning. This review applies a systems analysis lens to understand how financial sector structures and actors influence sustainability outcomes, often in counterproductive ways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Methods
July 2025
College of Business Administration, Seoul National University.
quantifies the size of the indirect effect using a combination of ² values from multiple regression equations. While it exhibits many characteristics as an effect measure, prior research has identified potential limitations. Specifically, it has been argued that ² may yield nonzero values even when no indirect effect exists and that it can produce negative values in certain cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Psychol
July 2025
School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Some individuals persist in behaviors that incur harm to themselves or others. While adaptive decision-making requires integrating such punishment feedback to update action selection, the mechanisms driving individual differences in this capacity remain unclear. Here, in a sample spanning 24 countries (N = 267), we used a conditioned punishment task to identify how individuals learn from and adapt to punishment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF