Isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns of and from caprine respiratory tract infections: A hospital-based clinical study.

Objective: and are the most common opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with respiratory tract infection (RTI) in different animals. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the occurrence of and in goats with RTI, analyze the antimicrobial resistance patterns, and explore potential risk factors contributing to RTI.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 nasal swab samples were collected from goats, and standard classical bacteriological methods were performed to isolate and identify and . Subsequently, the disc diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity test. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with RTI.

Results: About 13.3% ( 16; 120) isolates were confirmed as and 6.67% ( 8; 120) isolates were confirmed as . All S. isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin. Among the isolated organisms, 43.7% ( 7; 16) and 62.5% ( 5; 8) isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female goats [(odds ratio) OR: 4.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.8-20.8; = 0.074] and goats in poor health condition (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.7-19.3; = 0.100) were more prone to RTI caused by . Besides, goats that were not dewormed (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1-23.6; = 0.051) and those reared in semi-intensive conditions (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 0.8-8.7; = 0.092) were found to be at higher risk of -mediated RTI.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of implementing improved farm management practices and efficient antimicrobial resistance control approaches to minimize respiratory infections and reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance in goats.