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There is a limited understanding of the immunological differences between children and adults that protect children from developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous infection with endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has been suggested as a factor. In this study, we used 100 paired residual samples collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from children in Bangladesh. We compared the changes in their sero-status (no COVID-19 vs. COVID-19) and quantified antibody levels to HCoVs. We found that although 45% of the children seroconverted for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, there was no correlation between evidence of previous infection with HCoVs and the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-infection. Moreover, no differences in the anti-HCoV antibody levels were found pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v17020161 | DOI Listing |
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
September 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
Objectives: This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of seven different commercial serological assays for COVID-19, using RT-PCR as the gold standard, through meta-analysis and indirect comparison.
Methods: Fifty-seven studies, published from November 2019 to June 2024, were included. The diagnostic performance of IgA, IgG, and total antibody assays for SARS-CoV-2 was assessed.
PLoS Comput Biol
September 2025
Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Understanding acute infectious disease dynamics at individual and population levels is critical for informing public health preparedness and response. Serological assays, which measure a range of biomarkers relating to humoral immunity, can provide a valuable window into immune responses generated by past infections and vaccinations. However, traditional methods for interpreting serological data, such as binary seropositivity and seroconversion thresholds, often rely on heuristics that fail to account for individual variability in antibody kinetics and timing of infection, potentially leading to biased estimates of infection rates and post-exposure immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomacromolecules
September 2025
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for rapid, flexible, and readily adaptable treatment options for future pandemic preparedness. Due to the speed at which viruses like SARS-CoV-2 mutate, the customary approach of using highly specific monoclonal antibodies as neutralization therapies is challenging, given their size, production complexity, and cost. Here, we leveraged rational protein design to create fusion proteins from small, antibody-mimetic proteins, Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) and a self-assembling hexameric coiled coil (CC-HEX).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
September 2025
Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Granada, Spain.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had significant global public health consequences, affecting over 200 countries and regions by 2020. The development and efficacy of specific vaccines, such as the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) vaccine developed by Moderna Inc., have substantially reduced the impact of the pandemic and mitigated its consequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
August 2025
School of Medicine, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.
Introduction: Vaccination against COVID-19 has generated a dramatic reduction in deaths and infections worldwide. However, there may be cross-reactivity with numerous biochemical and immunological markers. The Widal test for the detection of typhoid fever is an antigen-antibody test that can be affected by vaccination, causing errors in the results, so we determined the frequency of false positive results of the Widal test in adults vaccinated with Commirnaty (Pfizer -BioNtech) and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccines.
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