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The Sonogashira cross-coupling of 2-bromo-3,3-difluoroallyl benzyl sulfide with various terminal acetylenes afforded the corresponding 2-(difluoromethylene)but-3-yn-1-yl benzyl sulfides in acceptable to good yields. Subsequent double iodation of the enyne sulfides in a mixed solvent (CHCl/EtOH = 50/1) provided promising 4-(difluoroiodomethyl)-3-iodo-2-substituted thiophenes in good to excellent yields.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00152h | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
September 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Natural rubber, as the renewable and important industrial raw material, is widely used in many fields such as automobiles, construction, and healthcare. Nevertheless, the existence of unsaturated carbon‑carbon double bonds leads to its relatively poor weather resistance. Since the carbon‑fluorine components with high bond energy can endow the fluorinated materials excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and ultra-weatherability, an activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) was utilized to grow the fluorinated polymethacrylate side chain (PFASC) from the backbone chain of natural rubber, and the influence of PFASC on the network structure of natural rubber was examined in this work.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
The C-H amination of arenes offers a path for the synthesis of important arylamines that precludes the need for the prior functionalization of arene substrates, for example through halogenations or metalations. Most often, the direct C-H amination of arenes was achieved using transition metal or photoredox catalysis, through mechanisms ranging from electrophilic substitution to radical additions or nitrene insertions. Here, we report that azidium ions enabled the telescoped C-H amination of unactivated arenes and heteroarenes through a cycloaddition and C-N/N-N bond cleavage sequence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrief Bioinform
July 2025
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
Halogens play a fundamental role in drug design, influencing bioactivity, stability, and selectivity. However, their impact on toxicity, particularly genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, remains a critical challenge in drug discovery. This study presents HD-GEM (Hybrid Dynamic Graph-based Ensemble Model), a novel machine learning framework integrating graph neural networks, descriptor-based molecular fingerprints, and ensemble meta-learning to predict the toxicity of halogenated aromatic compounds and drug scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
August 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, United States. Electronic address:
Nitrogen heterocycles are important structural components in biomolecules and anthropogenic chemicals, yet their transformation during chlorine disinfection remains poorly understood. This study investigated chlorination kinetics and product formation for six nitrogen heterocycles of increasing structural complexity, including cyclic amides (2-piperidone, glutarimide, 5,6-dihydrouracil) and uracil derivatives (uracil, uridine, and 1,3-dimethyluracil) to determine how structural variations influence reaction pathways. Apparent second-order rate constants varied widely from 9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; Liupanshan Laboratory, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China. Electronic address:
The enhanced selectivity for C products in the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (ECORR) is critically dependent on the regulation of the elemental existence state on the surface of the electrocatalyst. In this study, CuO nanowires featuring multiple grain boundaries were successfully synthesized. Two distinct model catalysts were prepared: one through surface adsorption of Br (denoted as CuO_Br) and the other via surface bromination (denoted as CuO@CuBr).
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