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Changes in the shape and composition of kimchi cabbage cells due to brine and seasoning penetration were observed by serial block-face (SBF)-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Raw kimchi cabbage (RKC), unfermented kimchi (UKC), and fermented kimchi (FKC) were prepared as samples. Given the osmotic pressure caused by salt, the cell sizes of UKC and FKC were reduced compared to those of RKC and transformed into a thin and elongated rectangular shape. The volume rendering protocol of the SBF-SEM equipped with an ultramicrotome successfully provided a 3D representation of the kimchi cabbage tissue shape. EDS analysis revealed that the lowest C concentrations and the highest Na and Cl concentrations were found in the cell walls of FKC. This study expands the application of SBF-SEM and EDS to acquire basic data on internal changes and material transfer within kimchi cabbage during kimchi manufacturing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-024-01733-7 | DOI Listing |
Foods
August 2025
Division of Human Ecology, College of Natural Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea.
This study investigated the effects of storage temperature on the functional quality of kimchi during short- and long-term fermentation. Pretreated napa cabbage (NC) quality was analyzed, and kimchi was prepared using pretreated NC and stored at either 4 °C or 15 °C until reaching optimal and excessive fermentation stages. Fermented kimchi samples were analyzed for pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, total polyphenol content (TPC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and glucosinolates and their breakdown products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
August 2025
Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Fermented foods have been consumed for thousands of years and have been used as a model system to study community succession and other ecological questions. Additionally, cooking classes offer opportunities to learn about food preparation and history. In the present study, scientists and chefs delivered cooking-class style workshops in which participants learned the recipes of one of three fermented foods and the microbial ecology within these foods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cell Biol
July 2025
Ministry of Health, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are extensively used in the preservation of fruits and vegetables due to their ability to inhibit spoilage organisms and pathogenic bacteria. The fermentation process mediated by LAB not only extends the shelf life of produce but also enhances its nutritional and sensory properties. This study is aimed at reviewing the mechanisms through which LAB preserve fruits and vegetables, evaluating the benefits of their application, and highlighting recent advances in this field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
October 2025
Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61755, South Korea. Electronic address:
Given the sustainable nature of cellulose, the corresponding films are ecofriendly alternatives to conventional packaging; however, their limited physical properties hinder broader application. To address this problem, we herein prepared twelve composite films by incorporating reagent-grade hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin into a cellulose film matrix at varying ratios and evaluated the contribution of each component to film performance. Hemicellulose improved the thermal stability of the films, while pectin facilitated film formation and enhanced the tensile strength (from 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
June 2025
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Kimchi, a traditional fermented product made primarily with Chinese cabbage, develops its characteristic flavor through microbial activity and a variety of ingredients. This study explores the incorporation of sea fennel ( L.), a halophytic plant rich in bioactive compounds and known for its distinctive aroma, into kimchi.
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