Chemical Profile and Bioactivities of Three Species of Growing in the Campania Region, Southern Italy.

The genus (Lamiaceae), comprising aromatic perennial plants widely distributed in temperate regions, holds significant medicinal and commercial value. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile and bioactivities of hydroalcoholic extracts from (L.) L., L., and L. harvested from the Campania region, Southern Italy. Chemical analysis using LC-HRESIMS/MS identified a total of 21 compounds. The extracts, particularly , exhibited notable antioxidant activity, evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays, probably related to their chemical composition. Both and demonstrated a higher phenolic content, with also containing the highest levels of flavonoids. In addition, the extract's ability to inhibit biofilm formation was evaluated against several pathogenic strains, including Gram-positive bacteria ( and ) and Gram-negative bacteria (, , and ) using crystal violet and MTT assays. All extracts effectively inhibited biofilm formation in and , with also showing moderate activity against the metabolism of . The pronounced antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory properties of highlight its potential for pharmaceutical applications.