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Background: Partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, particularly injuries detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but stable on ligamentous examination, appear to be recognized more frequently; however, there remains no consensus management for this complex pathology.
Purpose: To present the results of a survey of a group of international ACL experts on the management of partial ACL injuries.
Study Design: Survey study; Level of evidence, 5.
Methods: The ACL Study Group is an international group of orthopaedic surgeons with a special interest in the ACL. There are 169 members overall, with 135 clinically active surgeons. A branching logic survey was developed and circulated to members of the ACL Study Group via electronic mail. Categories included member demographics as well as recommended management strategies of partial ACL injuries, including recommendations on return to play.
Results: Of the 135 clinically active surgeon members, 113 responded to the survey (84%). Nonoperative management of partial ACL injuries was selected by 92% of respondents. Of those who managed nonoperatively, 75% indicated they would not restrict weightbearing and 59% would not recommend a knee brace. When those who managed the patient nonoperatively determined criteria for return to sports (RTS), 33% would use differential knee laxity, 87% would assess functional testing, 26% would utilize imaging, and 40% selected time from injury. When using time as a guide for RTS, 13% chose RTS between 7 and 11 weeks postinjury, 56% selected no sport before 3 months, and 22% favored waiting 4 to 6 months before allowing an athlete with a partial ACL injury to RTS. With regard to function as a tool to determine RTS, painless Lachman, strength, swelling, and functional performance tests were all chosen by a majority of respondents.
Conclusion: This study presented the results of a survey on partial ACL injury management administered to ACL Study Group active surgical members. The majority favored nonoperative management for partial ACL injuries (stable ligament examination but MRI changes in the ligament). Nonoperative treatment and RTS protocols varied and must be customized to the patient.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671241311603 | DOI Listing |
A 2-year minimum follow-up period has generally been preferred in orthopaedic studies. This minimum standard aids comparisons across the literature and helps to ensure methodological rigor. However, in some situations these minimum durations are not required to answer specific research questions and strictly enforcing these requirements poses unnecessary barriers to research by adding cost and complexity, increasing the risk of loss to follow-up, and potentially restricting early dissemination of clinically important findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOper Orthop Traumatol
September 2025
Sektion Sportorthopädie, TUM Universitätsklinikum, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
Objective: Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) with suture tape augmentation to enhance primary stability.
Indications: Acute or chronic PCL ruptures, either isolated or as part of multiligamentous injuries, in cases of symptomatic instability or failure of conservative treatment.
Contraindications: Fixed posterior drawer, active infection, bony avulsion.
Osteoarthr Cartil Open
December 2025
Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Cureus
July 2025
Orthopedic Surgery, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR.
Isolated posteromedial bundle (PMB) injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are rare, often subtle, and easily missed on standard clinical tests and imaging. This case report highlights a delayed diagnosis of PMB injury in a 24-year-old male athlete presenting with persistent knee instability eight months following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Despite resolution of anterior laxity, the patient exhibited increased hyperextension, a pseudo-Lachman sign, and a tibiofemoral posterior step-off at 10-20° flexion, while 90° posterior drawer testing and MRI were unremarkable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc
August 2025
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Purpose: To review adverse events and outcomes at least 1 year postoperatively from Bridge enhanced ACL restoration (BEAR) in the first 100 subjects of the Bridge registry, a postcommercialisation prospective cohort.
Methods: Consecutive BEAR patients were invited to enroll in the Bridge registry. Technique modifications, adverse events and reoperations were recorded.