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All matter must obey the general laws of physics and living matter is not an exception. Viruses have not only learnt how to cope with them but have managed to use them for their own survival. In this chapter, we will review some of the exciting physics that are behind viruses and discuss simple physical models that can shed some light on different aspects of the viral life cycle and viral properties. In particular, we will focus on how the structure and shape of the viral capsid, its assembly and stability, and the entry and exit of viral particles and their genomes can be explained using fundamental physics theories.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65187-8_19 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453.
Programmable self-assembly has recently enabled the creation of complex structures through precise control of the interparticle interactions and the particle geometries. Targeting ever more structurally complex, dynamic, and functional assemblies necessitates going beyond the design of the structure itself, to the measurement and control of the local flexibility of the intersubunit connections and its impact on the collective mechanics of the entire assembly. In this study, we demonstrate a method to infer the mechanical properties of multisubunit assemblies using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and RELION's multi-body refinement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Cybern
September 2025
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, IL, USA.
In this article, a biophysically realistic model of a soft octopus arm with internal musculature is presented. The modeling is motivated by experimental observations of sensorimotor control where an arm localizes and reaches a target. Major contributions of this article are: (i) development of models to capture the mechanical properties of arm musculature, the electrical properties of the arm peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the coupling of PNS with muscular contractions; (ii) modeling the arm sensory system, including chemosensing and proprioception; and (iii) algorithms for sensorimotor control, which include a novel feedback neural motor control law for mimicking target-oriented arm reaching motions, and a novel consensus algorithm for solving sensing problems such as locating a food source from local chemical sensory information (exogenous) and arm deformation information (endogenous).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetab Brain Dis
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant potential of Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an antiprotozoal drug with known anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mice model of depression. NTZ was administered at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, and its effects were assessed through a series of behavioral tests, including the forced swim test, tail suspension test, actophotometer test, and social interaction test. NTZ treatment at 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly improved behavioral and biochemical outcomes, relieving depressive-like symptoms and restoring neurochemical balance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Urol
September 2025
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China.
Objective: To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram for predicting the risk of proximal ureteral impacted calculi, supporting personalized clinical management.
Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study employed a continuous cohort of 391 patients with proximal ureteral stones treated between January 2021 and April 2024. Data from Longyan People's Hospital (affiliated with Xiamen Medical College) comprised the training set, while independent external validation was performed using data from The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Rheumatol Int
September 2025
Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of PMR, , Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
To identify clinical and demographic predictors associated with the timing of transition from psoriasis (PsO) to psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and to compare the characteristics of patients with concurrent PsO-PsA onset versus those with prolonged transition. A multi-center, observational study was conducted using data from the Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR) network including PsA patients fulfilling CASPAR criteria. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group 1 (concurrent PsO and PsA onset within ± 1 year) and Group 2 (prolonged transition to PsA, > 1 year after PsO).
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