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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a critical global health challenge, and is mainly due to inappropriate antimicrobial use in human and animal health sectors. This systematic review examines the roles of Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) and Community Health Workers (CHWs) in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) across Africa where AMR burden is highest and AMS programs are limited. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review analyzed 16 studies (2017-2024) from nine African nations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFew rights, great threats, endless struggles: setbacks and resistance in the last decade of fights for legal abortion in Brazil.
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Associate Professor of the Department of Health, Cycles of Life and Society in the School of Public Health of Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil.
This commentary analyses the state of legal abortion in Brazil over the past decade, contextualising the increasing restrictions and political disputes surrounding the issue within broader anti-gender offensives. While Brazilian law permits abortion only in limited cases - rape, risk to the pregnant person's life, and anencephaly - access to these rights has been consistently undermined, particularly amid the strengthening of far-right political forces. We explore how moral arguments and conservative discourses - often framed through the notion of "gender ideology" - have been mobilised to roll back sexual and reproductive rights, resulting in significant institutional and legislative setbacks, including attempts to criminalise legal abortion practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and schistosomiasis (SCH) infections remain some of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), causing significant morbidity in most of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including Rwanda. With dwindling international funding for NTD services and recent commitments focused on other diseases considered easier to eliminate as a public health problem, it is essential to assess domestic financing sources' scale, efficiency, and effectiveness. The study aims to strengthen domestic efforts towards sustainable financing for neglected tropical disease programs in Africa, particularly in Rwanda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPossible physiological benefits of fasting and exercise.
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Exercise and fasting, by activating hypothalamic neurons, lead to appetite regulation, increased energy efficiency, increased brown fat cells, and weight loss. Additionally, fasting and exercise affect brain plasticity and cognitive function by reducing oxidative brain damage and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), potentially reducing the risk of neurological diseases. In humans, these lifestyle interventions can also modulate autophagy and apoptosis in lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, which play an important role in fighting cancer and virus-infected cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatial patterns and determinants of knowledge on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia: a geographically weighted regression analysis.
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Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Background: Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) program has been a cornerstone in the fight against (Human immunodeficiency virus) HIV, aiming to reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Geographic barriers, particularly in remote and underserved regions, significantly hinder access to healthcare facilities and essential programs. These challenges contribute to the suboptimal uptake of PMTCT services, leading to higher rates of vertical HIV transmission and exacerbating health inequities.
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