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We show that human myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) suppresses replication of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from mammals in vitro and in MxA-transgenic mice. However, H5N1 can evade MxA restriction through replacement of individual viral polymerase complex components from a human-adapted MxA-resistant strain in vitro.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid3101.241236 | DOI Listing |
medRxiv
August 2025
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are zoonotic pathogens that pose an increasing global threat due to their potential for significant economic losses in agriculture, spillover into humans, and the risk of a pandemic should human-to-human transmission occur. These concerns underscore the need for rapid, sensitive and specific tools to detect and differentiate circulating AIV subtypes and clades. Current AIV diagnostic methods rely on specialized equipment and trained personnel, limiting their use in the field and in low-resource settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
September 2025
In response to a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) outbreak in U.S. dairy cows detected in March 2024, with subsequent identification of human cases, the San Francisco Department of Public Health instituted enhanced influenza surveillance (influenza A virus subtyping of a sample of specimens weekly) in June 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
August 2025
Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
Novel antiviral drugs are needed to prepare for infections from influenza A virus (IAV). Here, a series of -[(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]benzamides, which target the hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated fusion process, is reported. The most active compound, , displays a 50% effective concentration (EC) of ∼0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Disord Drug Targets
August 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India.
Euro Surveill
August 2025
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium.
BACKGROUNDSince March 2024, cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.4.
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