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To achieve artificial photosynthesis, it is crucial to develop a catalytic system for CO reduction using water as the electron source. However, photochemical CO reduction by homogeneous molecular catalysts has predominantly been conducted in organic solvents. This study investigates the impact of water content on catalytic activity in photochemical CO reduction in -dimethylacetamide (DMA), using [Ru(bpy)] (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine) as a photosensitizer, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) as an electron donor, and two ruthenium diimine carbonyl complexes, [Ru(bpy)(CO)] and (Cl)-[Ru(Ac--NHMe)(CO)Cl] (: 5'-amino-2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid), as catalysts. Increasing water content significantly decreased CO and formic acid production. The similar rates of decrease for both catalysts suggest that water primarily affects the formation efficiency of free one-electron-reduced [Ru(bpy)], rather than the intrinsic catalytic activity. The reduction in cage-escape efficiency with higher water content underscores the challenges in replacing organic solvents with water in photochemical CO reduction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204960 | DOI Listing |
BMC Glob Public Health
September 2025
Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Background: Sierra Leone has the world's third highest incidence of maternal mortality, with 443 deaths per 100,000 live births. Strengthening the country's midwifery workforce is essential to providing adequate maternal healthcare and reducing preventable perinatal mortality. In support of this goal, we developed and implemented a midwifery preceptor program (MPP) to train experienced midwives to effectively mentor new and student midwives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
September 2025
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Drought stress affects plant growth and production. To cope with drought stress, plants induced physiological and metabolic changes, serving as a protective approach under drought-stress conditions. The response to drought can vary based on plant type (C3 vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Mater
September 2025
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, , Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran, Tehran, Tehran Province, 14115-154, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).
It is essential to develop new strategies for wound treatment and skin reconstruction, particularly by scaffolds that replicate the structure and function of native skin. A bilayer scaffold was developed using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, based on a uniform chitosan-based formulation for both layers, maintaining material uniformity while offering structural support and promoting cell adhesion. The upper chitosan layer, embedded with NHEK-Neo, is stiffer and mimics the epidermis, while the softer lower layer contains embedded HFFs and HFSCs, mimicking the dermis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
September 2025
Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China. Electronic address:
Objective: Long-term administration of dexamethasone (DEX) to treat severe inflammation or autoimmune disorders often result in skeletal muscle atrophy and functional decline. Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules, reflecting the characteristics of their tissue of origin. Myostatin-knockout (MSTN) mice exhibit muscle hypertrophy, and their muscle-derived exosomes (KO-EXOs) retain this phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Biol Chem
September 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Haryana 131039, India. Electronic address:
Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal fungus, valued for its bioactive compounds. While East Asian strains have been well studied, Indian populations remain under-characterized. This study explores the genetic and functional diversity of five Indian-origin L.
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