Article Synopsis
- Tardigrades exhibit impressive resilience to extreme environments, including high radiation levels, but the specific mechanisms behind their resistance are still largely unclear.
- Researchers conducted an analysis of tardigrade genomes, transcripts, and proteins to investigate their radiotolerance, discovering a crucial gene that produces betalains, which help to scavenge damaging free radicals.
- They found two essential mitochondrial proteins that improve DNA damage repair by enhancing NAD regeneration, further illuminating the molecular processes that enable tardigrades to withstand radiation.
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Article Abstract
Tardigrades are captivating organisms known for their resilience in extreme environments, including ultra-high-dose radiation, but the underlying mechanisms of this resilience remain largely unknown. Using genome, transcriptome, and proteome analysis of , we explored the molecular basis contributing to radiotolerance in this organism. A putatively horizontally transferred gene, DOPA dioxygenase 1 (), responds to radiation and confers radiotolerance by synthesizing betalains-a type of plant pigment with free radical-scavenging properties. A tardigrade-specific radiation-induced disordered protein, TRID1, facilitates DNA damage repair through a mechanism involving phase separation. Two mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly proteins, BCS1 and NDUFB8, accumulate to accelerate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) regeneration for poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and subsequent poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)-mediated DNA damage repair. These three observations expand our understanding of mechanisms of tardigrade radiotolerance.
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