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Article Abstract

Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracers labeled with zirconium-89 (Zr; half-life ~ 78.41 h) showed promise in localizing biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BCR) in pilot studies.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 38 consecutive men with BCR (median [minimum-maximum] prostate-specific antigen 0.52 (0.12-2.50 ng/mL) undergoing [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT post-negative [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. PET/CT acquisition 1-h, 24-h, and 48-h post-injection of a median (minimum-maximum) [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 tracer activity of 123 (84-166) MBq.

Results: [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT detected altogether 57 lesions: 18 local recurrences, 33 lymph node metastases, 6 bone metastases in 30/38 men with BCR (78%) and prior negative conventional PSMA PET/CT. Lesion uptake significantly increased from 1-h to 24-h and, in a majority of cases, from 24-h to 48-h. Tumor-to-background ratios significantly increased over time, with absolute increases of 100 or more. No side effects were noted. After [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT-based treatment, prostate-specific antigen concentration decreased in all patients, becoming undetectable in a third of patients.

Limitations: retrospective, single center design; infrequent histopathological and imaging verification.

Conclusion: This large series provides further evidence that [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT is a beneficial imaging modality to localize early BCR. A remarkable increase in tumor-to-background ratio over time allows localization of tumor unidentified on conventional PSMA PET/CT.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457487PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40644-024-00778-5DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • A study analyzed 38 men with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, using a specialized PET/CT imaging technique to track prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with zirconium-89 radiotracers after prior negative scans.* -
  • The results showed that the new imaging method detected a total of 57 lesions, including local recurrences and metastases, in 78% of patients, with significant improvement in tumor visibility over time.* -
  • The study concludes that zirconium-89 PSMA PET/CT is effective for identifying early BCR and suggests that the imaging technique outperforms conventional methods, with no noted side effects and a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels in treated patients.*
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Background: The state-of-the-art method for imaging men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BCR) is prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with tracers containing short-lived radionuclides, e.g., gallium-68 (Ga; half-life: ∼67.

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Rationale: In patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BCR), preliminary data suggest that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand radiotracers labeled with zirconium-89 (Zr; half-life ~ 78.41 h), which allow imaging ≥ 24 h post-injection, detect suspicious lesions that are missed when using tracers incorporating short-lived radionuclides.

Materials And Methods: To confirm [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) detection efficacy regarding such lesions, and compare quality of 1-h, 24-h, and 48-h [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 scans, we retrospectively analyzed visual findings and PET variables reflecting lesional [Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 uptake and lesion-to-background ratio.

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