Medical, Environmental, and Social Determinants Associated With Periocular Cutaneous Malignancies in the United States Using the All of Us National Database.

Objective: To identify common factors associated with periocular cutaneous malignancies using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) database.

Methodology: In this case-control study, we extracted electronic health records and sociodemographic data for 385 cases of periocular cutaneous malignancies from the nationwide database. Controls ( = 1540) were matched to the demographic characteristics of the 2020 United States Census. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression determined variables significantly associated with increased odds of periocular cutaneous malignancies. We analyzed medical, environmental, and social determinants to evaluate which factors were associated with increased odds of periocular cutaneous malignancies.

Results: Among the cases, the mean (standard deviation) age was 66.8 (11.2) years at the time of diagnosis. The majority were male (207, 54%) and white (361, 94%). Periocular cutaneous malignancy was significantly more likely among individuals with high sun exposure (odds ratio [OR] 14.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.35-85.73, = 0.001), those identifying as white race (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.06-25.33, = 0.079), and those with higher socioeconomic status, including higher annual income (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.25-1.46, < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates similar risk factors for periocular cutaneous malignancies, echoing prior research that showed increased associations with lighter-pigmented skin and higher socioeconomic status. It also sheds light on the positive impact of physician surveillance and health utilization factors in the early detection and treatment of these malignancies, aspects less explored in prior analyses.