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Article Abstract

Background: In vitro models to evaluate cardiac pulsed field ablation (PFA) have not been well established. We sought to create a standardized vegetable model and staining protocol for assessing unipolar PFA using a surface electrode.

Methods: We exposed potato slabs to unipolar PFA in a saline bath using a 3.5 mm electrode catheter and grounding pad connected to a custom-built high-voltage generator. Lesions were clearly visualized after staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) using a timed protocol to reveal a necrotic center and a periphery of electroporated cells with intact mitochondria.

Results: Lesion volume increased linearly with increasing voltage and logarithmically with repetitive PFA applications.

Conclusion: The findings observed in this vegetable model using a TTC staining protocol are consistent with findings observed with cardiomyocytes.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-024-01906-8DOI Listing

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