Anopheles gambiae lacking AgTRIO probe inefficiently on a mammalian host.

Malaria is initiated as Plasmodium sporozoites are injected into the dermis when an infected mosquito probes on a vertebrate host for a blood meal. Factors in the mosquito saliva, such as AgTRIO, can alter the ability of Anopheles gambiae to transmit Plasmodium. We therefore used CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate AgTRIO knockout (KO) A. gambiae and examined the ability of these mosquitoes to probe on a vertebrate host. AgTRIO KO mosquitoes showed a diminished host probing capacity and required repetitive probing to locate a blood resource to complete a blood meal. This increased probing resulted in enhanced Plasmodium transmission to the vertebrate host. Our data demonstrate the importance of the A. gambiae saliva protein AgTRIO in probing and its influence on the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria.