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Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins.
bioRxiv
August 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) syndrome or "Long COVID" represents a widespread health challenge that necessitates the development of novel diagnostic approaches and targeted therapies that can be readily deployed. Immune dysregulation has been reported as one of the hallmarks of PASC, but the extent of PASC immune dysregulation in patients over time remains unclear. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses, peripheral immune cell profiles, autoantibody profiles and circulating cytokines for up to 6 months in participants with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who either convalesced or developed PASC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-Term Durability and Variant-Specific Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immunity over Two Years.
Int J Mol Sci
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Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania.
There is an increasing need to understand the long-term dynamics and quality of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory-both humoral and cellular-particularly with emerging variants. This study aimed to evaluate immune durability and variant-specific modulation through a longitudinal analysis of individuals with diverse SARS-CoV-2 exposure histories, over two years after infection and/or vaccination. The study involved assessing anti-spike IgG and IgA levels over time and analyzing their relationship with neutralizing activity against both ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytokine profile and early immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in occupationally lead-exposed individuals: A cross-sectional study.
Toxicol Lett
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Department of Radiology and Radiodiagnostics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland. Electronic address:
Background: The adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by the production of various antibodies, with immunoglobulin M (IgM) being the initial isotype synthesized. Lead (Pb), a toxic heavy metal, accumulates in biological systems and disrupts multiple biochemical processes, potentially modulating immune function through alterations in cytokine production and antibody levels.
Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the early immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in lead-exposed individuals by examining antibody profiles and associated immunological parameters.
Correlation between SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and the hormones DHEA, cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone.
Front Immunol
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Department of Health Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Salzburg, Austria.
Hormones, such as DHEA, cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone play an important part in the regulation of the human immune system. However, the exact role of endocrine factors in the production of antibodies, in this case SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, remains poorly understood. We investigated the association between hormone levels and SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-specific IgG antibody titers in a large, diverse cohort of 861 vaccinated as well as vaccinated plus COVID-19 recovered individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of obesity on the acute response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in nonhuman primates.
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Division of Metabolic Health and Disease, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.
Long-term adverse consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed "long COVID" or post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC), are a major component of overall COVID-19 disease burden. Prior obesity and metabolic disease increase the severity of acute disease, but SARS-CoV-2 infection also contributes to the development of new-onset metabolic disease. Since the COVID pandemic occurred in the context of the global obesity epidemic, an important question is the extent to which pre-existing obesity modifies long-term responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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