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For five decades, paleontologists, paleobiologists, and ecologists have investigated patterns of punctuated equilibria in biology. Here, we step outside those fields and summarize recent advances in the theory of and evidence for punctuated equilibria, gathered from contemporary observations in geology, molecular biology, genetics, anthropology, and sociotechnology. Taken in the aggregate, these observations lead to a more general theory that we refer to as punctuated evolution. The quality of recent datasets is beginning to illustrate the mechanics of punctuated evolution in a way that can be modeled across a vast range of phenomena, from mass extinctions hundreds of millions of years ago to the possible future ahead in the Anthropocene. We expect the study of punctuated evolution to be applicable beyond biological scenarios.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.003 | DOI Listing |
Unlabelled: , the greater Bermuda land snail, is a critically endangered species and one of only two extant members in its genus. These snails are one of Bermuda's few endemic animal clades and their rich fossil record was the basis for the punctuated equilibria model of speciation. Once thought extinct, recent conservation efforts have focused on the recovery of the species, yet no genomic information or other molecular sequences have been available to inform these initiatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2025
Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Platform Chromostem, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics, Site Unique de Biologie (SUB), Montpellier CHU, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Chromoplexy is a massive and complex rearrangement mechanism, occurring during a single cell event and characterized by the formation of chain rearrangements affecting multiple chromosomes. This can lead to the formation of fusion genes and the simultaneous disruption of several genes. Chromoplexy was first identified in prostate cancers, but it is now being observed in various cancers where gene fusions take place.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
August 2025
Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain.
Understanding long-term evolution of sandy coasts requires in-depth analysis of the sediment balance from the shoreface to the beach and dune. While storms typically erode the subaerial beach, they can also contribute sediment from deeper waters to the coastal budget. Here, we explore the impacts of El Niño-driven storms on the sediment balance across the entire shore-beach-dune profile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlanta
August 2025
Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
This study presents the first comprehensive plastome analysis of Curculigo, filling a genomic gap in Hypoxidaceae, reveals its evolutionary relationships, and identifies the shortest known ndhA intron among seed plants. Comparative genomics is an effective tool for exploring plastome evolution and gene content variation across species. In the genus Curculigo (Hypoxidaceae), plastome research has been restricted to C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Genet
August 2025
Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Accelerated discovery in biomedical science is typically punctuated by technological advances, and the past decade has been exemplary regarding breakthroughs in our genomic understanding of human biology in health and disease. This phenomenon was facilitated by the availability of a human genome reference sequence and the development and continuous improvement of next-generation and single-molecule sequencing technologies, accompanied by advances in computational analytics. These fundamental tools have driven the emergence of innovative methods that capture different aspects of human cell biology, with exquisite detail genome wide, in a sequence-based readout.
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