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The structure of the sidechain crosslinked Tyr-Leu-Trp peptide produced by the biarylitide crosslinking cytochrome P450 from Micromonospora sp. MW-13 has been reanalysed by a series of NMR, computational and isotope labelling experiments and shown to contain a C-N rather than a C-O bond. Additional in vivo experiments using such a modified peptide show there is a general tolerance of biarylitide crosslinking P450 enzymes for histidine to tryptophan mutations within their minimal peptide substrate sequences despite the lack of such residues noted in natural biarylitide gene clusters. This work further highlights the impressive ability of P450s from biarylitide biosynthesis pathways to act as biocatalysts for the formation of a range of sidechain crosslinked tripeptides.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202400988 | DOI Listing |
Org Lett
June 2025
Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
Biarylitides are a new class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with the unique feature of biaryl C-C, C-N, or C-O cross-links installed by P450 biarylitide synthases (P450s). Here, we manually identified 435 homologous P450s linked to putative biarylitide precursor peptides, which is the most extensive list of biarylitide precursor peptide so far reported. Through functional studies in , the newly identified enzyme ShyB from F613-1 was found to catalyze formation of a cross-link between His-C2 and Tyr-O4 on the precursor peptide ShyA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChembiochem
April 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
The biarylitides are a recently discovered class of RiPP natural products that are fascinating both from the small size of the core peptides as well as the diversity of peptide crosslinking exhibited by the cytochrome P450 enzymes found in these systems. In this review, we address the discovery and biosynthetic diversity of these systems and discuss the methods and challenges of analysing the structures of these constrained cyclic peptides. We also discuss the structures of the P450 enzymes involved in these pathways and address the potential for alternate catalytic outcomes and activities as seen most recently with the inclusion of biarylitide related enzymes within rufomycin biosynthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
The biarylitide crosslinking enzyme P450 can perform crosslinking between -F-Tyr-3 and His-5 residues within peptide substrates with concomitant and specific loss of fluorine. Our investigations suggest that a small intrinsic preference for coupling to fluorine is magnified by the binding of the peptide in a specific orientation that enforces the loss of fluorine during peptide crosslinking, likely a two-step reaction mechanism involving the non-enzyme catalysed reductive elimination of fluoride.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
July 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
The structure of the sidechain crosslinked Tyr-Leu-Trp peptide produced by the biarylitide crosslinking cytochrome P450 from Micromonospora sp. MW-13 has been reanalysed by a series of NMR, computational and isotope labelling experiments and shown to contain a C-N rather than a C-O bond. Additional in vivo experiments using such a modified peptide show there is a general tolerance of biarylitide crosslinking P450 enzymes for histidine to tryptophan mutations within their minimal peptide substrate sequences despite the lack of such residues noted in natural biarylitide gene clusters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
March 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, EMBL Australia, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Cytochrome-P450-mediated cross-linking of ribosomally encoded peptides (RiPPs) is rapidly expanding and displays great potential for biocatalysis. Here, we demonstrate that active site engineering of the biarylitide cross-linking enzyme P450 enables the formation of His-X-Tyr and Tyr-X-Tyr cross-linked peptides, thus showing how such P450s can be further exploited to produce alternate cyclic tripeptides with controlled cross-linking states.
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