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Article Abstract
We isolated a high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus from a common pochard () that was being attacked by a bird of prey in South Korea in December 2020. Genetic analyses indicated that the isolate was closely related to the clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAI viruses found in South Korea and Japan during the winter season of 2020-2021. The histopathological examination revealed multifocal necrotizing inflammation in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Viral antigens were detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, trachea, intestine, and pancreas, indicating the HPAI virus caused a systemic infection. The presence of immunoreactivity for the viral antigen was observed in the cells involved in multifocal necrotic inflammation. Notably, epitheliotropic-positive patterns were identified in the epithelial cells of the trachea, mucosal epithelium of the intestine, and ductular epithelium of the pancreas. These findings provide direct evidence supporting the possibility of HPAI transmission from infected waterfowl to predators.
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Article Synopsis
- In April 2024, ten cats in South Dakota died from respiratory and neurological symptoms, leading to the discovery of an H5N1 strain closely related to cattle samples from the same area.
- Genetic analysis revealed unique mutations in the cat-infected H5N1 virus that may enhance its infectivity and ability to evade the immune system, suggesting adaptation to the feline host.
- The presence of viral antigens in multiple organs, particularly the brain, along with receptor co-expression, indicates that cats could potentially act as reservoirs for the mixing of avian and mammalian flu viruses.