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Prolactin is involved in regulating various physiological activities of vertebrates and is one of the most momentous pituitary hormones. However, not enough attention is currently paid to prolactin, especially in teleost. This paper aims to gather, organize, and analyze recent studies on the regulation and functions of prolactin. By comparing with other animal groups, it highlights the significant role of prolactin in fish reproduction, immunity, growth, and osmotic pressure regulation, as well as the upstream and downstream factors that may be involved in the regulation of prolactin functions were introduced to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study and potential practical application of prolactin.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114530 | DOI Listing |
Genome Biol
September 2025
Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.
Background: Most RNA-seq datasets harbor genes with extreme expression levels in some samples. Such extreme outliers are usually treated as technical errors and are removed from the data before further statistical analysis. Here we focus on the patterns of such outlier gene expression to investigate whether they provide insights into the underlying biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Reprod Open
August 2025
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Study Question: What is the effect of hCG on the epigenetic profile and the expression of other molecular factors in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)?
Summary Answer: Our findings suggest that hCG treatment alters the molecular environment of decidualized ESCs, potentially influencing implantation and immune regulation through epigenetic modifications and changes in the levels of secreted proteins and micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs).
What Is Known Already: Embryo implantation depends not only on the quality of the embryo but also on the receptivity of the endometrium, the specialized lining of the uterus that undergoes dynamic changes to support pregnancy. Effective communication between the maternal and fetal compartments, facilitated by molecular signals and cellular interactions, is essential for successful implantation.
Front Reprod Health
August 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Background: Vitamin D, sometimes referred to as the "sunshine vitamin", is well-known for its role in maintaining bone health processes that are highly dependent on calcium regulation. However, there is an emerging wealth of evidence that this fat-soluble vitamin has an important role in male sexual health regarding erectile function, production of testosterone, and overall fertility. Due to the increased vitamin D deficiency rates in most populations, the implications of its deficiency on male sexual functions have gained great interest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Histochem Cytochem
August 2025
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
The neuroendocrine protein 7B2 plays a crucial role in the maturation and activity regulation of prohormone convertase 2 (PC2). To elucidate the relationship between 7B2 and PC2 expression in endocrine tissues, we generated synthetic peptide antibodies in guinea pigs. The antigenic peptide sequences were selected to correspond to three different positions in the rat amino acid (aa) sequence: The -terminal aa 1-14 is situated immediately following the signal sequence, the middle aa 77-90 contains a part of the proPC2 activation domain, and the -terminal aa 156-168 functions to suppress PC2 activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fish Biol
August 2025
Nikko Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tochigi, Japan.
Endocrine, osmoregulatory and immune responses have been examined in blood plasma, gill, peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL), skin and intestine of steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared for 4 weeks in seawater. Plasma lysozyme activity and pituitary growth hormone messenger ribonuculeic acid (mRNA) levels were higher and prolactin levels were lower in seawater than in freshwater. mRNA levels of hormone receptor and immune-related genes in gills, PBL and skin were influenced by seawater.
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