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Guiding mechanisms are among the most elementary components of MEMS. Usually, a spring is required to be compliant in only one direction and stiff in all other directions. We introduce triangular springs with a preset tilting angle. The tilting angle lowers the reaction force and implements a constant reaction force. We show the influence of the tilting angle on the reaction force, on the spring stiffness and spring selectivity. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the different spring geometry parameters on the spring reaction force. We experimentally show tilted triangular springs exhibiting constant force reactions in a large deflection range and a comb-drive actuator guided by tilted triangular springs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051677 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev E
June 2025
University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA.
The principal stress-bearing component of bacterial cell walls is the tough, covalently linked peptidoglycan network. This active material maintains the shape and integrity of bacterial cells in the presence of high turgor pressures while constantly growing. It is not well understood how its extreme material properties derive from its molecular structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoot (Edinb)
June 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, Suyog Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Introduction: Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) is a progressive condition characterized by the collapse of the medial foot arch, often caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction or deltoid spring ligament incompetency. Flexible type 2 AAFD results in peritalar subluxation and instability. The deltoid and spring ligament complex plays a critical role in foot stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
April 2025
Trauma and Orthopaedics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn, King's Lynn, GBR.
The aim of this study is to review the variation in description of the individual bands comprising the deltoid and spring ligaments in anatomical dissection studies and to propose a novel approach to describe the structure. A literature search for cadaveric studies identifying anatomical variations in the deltoid and spring ligament complexes was conducted using PubMed and Medline databases. The inclusion criteria encompassed human cadaveric dissection studies with measurement of individual deltoid and spring ligament bands in the English language and with full-text availability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ecol Evol
April 2025
School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Background: Microraptor is known as the most significant example of extended feathering on the legs of a paravian, both fossil and modern. Its striking difference with most paravians contributes to the multiple theories on the function of its conspicuous hind limbs. Recent studies tried to uncover its evolutionary significance, but its anatomy has only been described from a small number of samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
April 2025
Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
We study how the rigidity transition in a triangular lattice changes as a function of anisotropy by preferentially filling bonds on the lattice in one direction. We discover that the onset of rigidity in anisotropic spring networks on a regular triangular lattice arises in at least two steps, reminiscent of the two-step melting transition in two dimensional crystals. In particular, our simulations demonstrate that the percolation of stress-supporting bonds happens at different critical volume fractions along different directions.
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